Gender differences in the effect of cardiovascular drugs: a position document of the Working Group on Pharmacology and Drug Therapy of the ESC.

Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, UK; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Tel Aviv, Israel; Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Isar Heart Center, Isar Kliniken, Munich, Germany; Pharmacology, Universiteit Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) and Aalborg University, The Heart Centre, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain